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For short, is a trade off between cell size, geometry and shading. If you split your array in more strings with smaller cells, probability that one equivalent cell to be completely shaded is negligible, if the cell is a long thin strip, probability to be completely shaded is lo. Smaller cells...

At what age she died, was natural death, illness or accident? About health issues, i am a health care specialist that live offgrid. Now days are new health challanges some of them can be managed whit some know how. E.G. some digestive cancers are related with H.pylori chronic infection, I...

3.45 in float is too hi for LFP, expected life is about 3 years. LTO last longer in hi float voltage, but is expansive. Large lead acid are also good, E.G. NSB100FT agm, or larger, or tubular plate gel, or OPZv, you can also use individual lead acid OPZv cells

If connectors are good quality and well paired this can occur due to corrosion somehow water seeped inside and corroded metal. Also be sure that is not overloaded by paralleling strings on it, be sure it was well plugged in, wire was correctly pressed, or soldered, wire was not corroded when it...

Some meters register injected energy as consumption, this is the way company prohibit injection. Any grid tied inverter has built in anti island protection, but some providers ask for external protection, an anti island kit agreed by that company. Fire safety regulations are in place for PV...

For most 36v UPS`s final charge voltage is 42v for lead acid is 2.33v/cell. if you use 10 NMC cell in series is 4.2v/cell, hi not last long. To use 12 LFPcell in series you need 40v for 3.35v/cell, at 40 v you can also fit 10 NMC cells in series. You can adjust charging voltage, by modifing...

All lithium batteries last longer if not full charged, if you have a BMS that allows final voltage and cell ballancing to be set , set it at 3.35-3.37v/cell, if you not go higher than that imballacing may occur in years at LFP, at LTO is faster, but i do not need to manually ballance long...

That battery must good enough to take entire current generated by that panel, but you can add a load to be sure that entire available power is absorbed. For mobile testing a relative small LTO battery is better because it can be charged at over 10 c. This method have some limitations if you try...

Islanding maybe a problem if multiple systems are connected to that section of grid, and provide enough power for local load. I had that problem with several over 10 kw systems that power an entire street in island status. In that case total power was around 100kw, if a line man attempts to...

You can mesure the live power using a dc/dc that read input voltage, and keep it stable by a feedback loop, you can use a TL494, feed input voltage on inverting input, reference by a adjustable divider on non inverting input, and use buck or boost topology for force. Place an apropiate resitive...

Energy price rises in US? in Europe is expansive that offgrid is cheaper than grid. If feed in to the grid is no allowed, you must go offgrid. You may tailor your system in accordance of your needs, conductors cross section must be adequate. I use a quite hi voltage to avoid thick expansive...

DC battery seems to deal with your inrush currents, 12kw inverter is enough for one appliance at a time, problems occurs in worst situations of same time start. Pay attention at inrush reactive power, it can be mostly reactive than active. IF you use a hi voltage battery some appliances can...

ASIC miners are for sale or must be custom built? How can we use sun power that is available few hours a a day? Hydro may be ok. What internet band is needed to mine? Battery pay itself if used for mining? What can do with 30kwh battery/ 3 kwp pv system?

I use LTO cells from 4 years, in solar systems 10c rate is an exception, if you have 10kwh 10 c is 100kw, for such system at least 100kwh battery is used, 1c rate is common peak load for LTO 1c is nothing, even under 10c only is below 30 percent SOC may drop under 1.9v. Such drop means defective...

If you use a BMS lo cut off at 1.9v is ok, it takes in account the lowewst cell, if you do not use BMS 2.1v /cell is optimal, it represent the beginning of lower bend, from 2.1 to 2v is a reserve that can you use if you have no other option.

For solar system pouch LTO is enough or even prismatic, LTO is far more better than other lithium but is expansive. I am interested what capacity is between 2.18 to 2.50 for a 40 ah 66160 LTO Yinlong cell, I found 23ah for my grade b cells.

Some one purchased for me from OSN 40 ah grade b LTO and i have 23.5 ah From 2.18 to 2,50 volt per cell, in this interval is 70 pecent of capacity,total capacity is 33Ah, is not indicated to keep them higher than 2,50v for hours, in 3 hours at 2.50 volt reaches 95 per cent SOC. For a fast charge...

I have the same issue with my LTO cells i have 110 40ah grade b LTO cell in two strings of 55. from 2.18v/cell to 2.50volt per cell I have 23.5 Ah from 40 rated, but it not lost capacity after 2Mwh of energy passed troug them (110 cells) i know from some time the story about used and re...

I actually use my solar system to heat my house to avoid waste energy, my design is complete diy 120v 55s lto battery bank 10 kwh, buck charger contoller, 120v to 230v two stages insulated diverter at 3 kw, it has a buck stage for battery bus voltage control and pushpull insulated stage open...

Onboard charger is switching mode supply, with PFC it is dc native, but it may not start if control electronics not detect AC, most appliances with such supplies work on dc in specified voltage range, but some of them simply not start, nothing happens.

What happens if I plug my onboard ev charger designed for 230v ac in to a 300v dc bus, normally it shold work, it not work olny if management electronics do not allow it to work on dc.

In that schematic is only a bridge output stage, it seems to be used for dc/dc. it can used also as modulator using a cheap EGS002/ EG8010 board. For protection the simplest way is to use a hysteresis hall sensor, for a latch protection. From my experience autorestart protection is not good, if...

At all in one he has access only to charge current, (panels, generator, input) and battery current (battery port) he has no access to load current, some variants transfer power directly from generator to load via a 400vdc bus, and battery has a bidirectional insulated converter as PIP5048 for...

Currents on charger branch and load branch have only one sense, it no need center zero ammeter, on battery branch current is bidirectional (charge discharge) it need a center zero ammeter, if SOC/voltage of battery is well defined it need only a voltmeter to asses SOC, but for analog, the...

Yes you can heat water or heat living place in winter as I do, if you install a heat pump you can do it better. Diverter may be built in different ways i built it as a dc/dc that clamp battery bus at a preset voltage or pv array 1-2 precent above MPP voltage and divert power to dump resistors...

You can do that only with diy electronics with no protections (we are on diy forum) and more installed power to cover surge load of your appliances. E.G.: EGSS002(China) can work in open loop that means the output voltage AC rms is proportional with input voltage no matter what input voltage is...

LTO accepts far more than 0.5c I have installed 10kwh of LTO cell 110 cell of 40Ah 55s-2p 120v nominal, good if you catch sun briefly, can charge fast and fill your balley. For LTO 2c is no problem far below freezing.

He may use an operational amplifier circuit, an ideal rectifier, diode is placed in feedback loop and, non linearity is compensated, but is too complicate, it needs auxiliary power. There are two ways in fact, wire charge and load apart as most users suggested, or place a meter with center needle.

Only the output of gate driver is insulated and it`s power, because the sorce of mosfet switches from gnd to vsw, the converter itself is not insulated, input port is +vsw, gnd, and output port is +vdc, gnd, ...gnd is shared by these two ports. there is an error in this diagram driver pin4 is...

Some of us use both analog and digital meters, the beauty is you can place an analog and a digital instrument on the same shunt. You can use any wire as shunt, but you may keep in mind thermal coefficient of resistance, copper is not so good because thermal coefficient is quite hi. Ih you do not...

Silicon carbide is a giant step foreward in inverters, those IGBT bricks are used at 1-5 khz carriers for motor inverters, but silicon carbide can run above 20khz even large bricks.

Here a picture with one as charger use 2xNTHL020N120SC1 as switch, for 3kw at 150v input,

If you place a diode in parallel with ammeter nothing happns because volage drop on shunt resistor is lo, less than 100mv, diode foreward volage is 400mv for schottky to 700mv for silicon junction. You can wire your system to measure what current you want, you can measure total input current...

No question, only presentation, these scope sheets are on my DIY inverters, I try to give you an awareness about what may hide behind sinusoidal inverter, That square wave radiated in your wiring and surrounding space is not good, It may affect your healh worse than grid. I use only bipolar...

Here are my pv string analog voltmeter and ammeter repurposed and calibrated for this use, are reliable good quality, more than sixty years old instruments