what confuses me is the volts can be higher on the solar panel than the battery, but does it mean that it will just reduce the volts to 12v and push more amps when it hits the charge controller to charge the battery? which is why I would need a 30 amp controller?
This is exactly how an MPPT solar charge controller works. My panels produce about 80 volts. My MPPT controller converts that down to the 13 to 14 volts that my batteries need.
I know this is cheap but im assuming this would work?
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As I said before, I don't know the PWM controllers that well. I keep looking for the Max PV Input Volts in the specs and can't find it. Maybe it doesn't matter.