Search for the motorla grounding standard for communications equipment. The actual specs are also a good read.
We all know if you are looking to survive a nuclear war it is gonna cost a lot and you will send several copies of all your equipment stored is ghe equivalent of a faraday cage. You need multiple copies of everything because there is no way to call the vendor for warranty service.
So what we should try to prevent is EMP from near lightning strikes from causing issues as well as solar flares. Most of that is taken care of with grounding and everything being either burried or inside metal conduit that is grounded correctly. One reason to have a ground rod at remote panels.
I doubt there is much that can survive a direct strike, but I know from personal experience some thihgs can. I have a 40ft weather station mast and I took a direct strike. The weather station exploded into fragments then the strike rode the cat5 cable into the poe adapter and the switch. From there it took out everything hooked up directly. I know my mistake was improper grounding on the mast.
Since then I added a ground rod at the base and a bare copper 2awg wire up the center of the mast with a few strands played out as coronal points and tied it electrically to each section of the mast. So, from the top to the bottom to a ground rod then every 16 foot a new clamp around the wire connected to another 8ft ground rod. Eveutually tied it to the house ground.
I also installed a pass-through cat5 device that protects against strikes
A few other devices along the same lines for the land line and coax inputs and a TVVS attached to the main breaker panel.
Since then I have taken a near strikes and one that burned down one of the three coronal points I left sticking up. The idea of the coronal points is it takes a lot of energy to melt the copper strands. The points sticking up are more likely to be the source of the lightning. It also destroyed the ethernet protector but didn't penetrate the house or hit anything else. I also had a second cat5 protector inside before it got to the switch that was fine.
Nothing else in the house was touched. Can't prove a negative but the technology works for near misses and I would suppose it could be extended for use with solar.