How to charge lithium and lead-acid batteries with an alternator 1.0

When installing a lithium battery on a boat or a camping car you need to decide if and how the alternator will charge it at the same time as the starter battery. If not done the right way the alternator could be damaged. In this article I address some key questions you may ask yourself, I point out some challenges to be aware of, and I propose example of functional diagrams.