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Understanding battery bank size - Beginner

JohnRichard

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Aug 24, 2022
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I've done a lot of reading over the past several months, and just discovered this wonderful community. I have some questions about battery bank size, electrical needs, and charging.

Without going into a lot of detail about what I am building, here is the most information I could gather. After an electrical audit to the best of my ability, all devices running at full power would use 1107 watts. I wanted to know how much capacity I would need to run everything for a full 24 hour period, and I think that's 27kwh ish. Does that sound correct? In reality, I know that figure will be lower, because I have to sleep sometime, and that figure also includes things like my radio broadcasting at 5 watts, charging a laptop continuously, lights on continuous. I wanted to be overly powered. Call it reserve capacity.

For the sake of ease, I chose to calculate with a 12v 135Ah battery. I will probably end up building my own using raw cells, but this made the math easier.

I assumed 24v system would do, but now I am thinking 48v will be better.

So - How many amp hours do I need to plan for? Using the formula I can find, 27kw / 24v = 1125Ah. But that doesn't seem right?
I know I am a beginner, I am just trying to wrap my head around this math.

135Ah battery can supply 1620Wh at 12v (Not taking into account the 20% reserve for lithium batteries). Correct?

Running batteries in parallel increases amp hour capacity. 10 batteries in parallel being 135ah 12v would give 1350Ah.
So 20 batteries in parallel, in two banks, wire in series, would give 24v and 1350Ah? Is that correct?
1350Ah x 24v = 32,400Wh - Is that enough to pull 1000w for 24 hours?

I will tackle charging this bank next, after I figure out exactly how many batteries I need. Thanks for any guidance provided.
 
I've done a lot of reading over the past several months, and just discovered this wonderful community. I have some questions about battery bank size, electrical needs, and charging.

Without going into a lot of detail about what I am building, here is the most information I could gather. After an electrical audit to the best of my ability, all devices running at full power would use 1107 watts. I wanted to know how much capacity I would need to run everything for a full 24 hour period, and I think that's 27kwh ish. Does that sound correct?

Correct.

In reality, I know that figure will be lower, because I have to sleep sometime, and that figure also includes things like my radio broadcasting at 5 watts, charging a laptop continuously, lights on continuous. I wanted to be overly powered. Call it reserve capacity.

Nothing wrong with that.

For the sake of ease, I chose to calculate with a 12v 135Ah battery. I will probably end up building my own using raw cells, but this made the math easier.

I assumed 24v system would do, but now I am thinking 48v will be better.

So - How many amp hours do I need to plan for? Using the formula I can find, 27kw / 24v = 1125Ah. But that doesn't seem right?
I know I am a beginner, I am just trying to wrap my head around this math.

1125Ah @ 24V is correct. The average American household uses 30kWh/day.

135Ah battery can supply 1620Wh at 12v (Not taking into account the 20% reserve for lithium batteries). Correct?

Correct.

Running batteries in parallel increases amp hour capacity. 10 batteries in parallel being 135ah 12v would give 1350Ah.
So 20 batteries in parallel, in two banks, wire in series, would give 24v and 1350Ah? Is that correct?
1350Ah x 24v = 32,400Wh - Is that enough to pull 1000w for 24 hours?

135Ah * (2 * 12V) * 10 = 32400Wh

More than adequate for 24000Wh in 24 hours.

I will tackle charging this bank next, after I figure out exactly how many batteries I need. Thanks for any guidance provided.

Looks like you already have it.

DIY LFP runs about $170/kWh, so you're looking at about $6000 in batteries.

To charge 24000Wh/day with solar, you'd need about 24000/5 = 4800W of solar panels.

To charge 24V with 4800W, you'd need: 4800W/24V = 200A of charging.
 
Thanks so much for your confirmation. Its looking like now I should probably plan for a 48v system, and just DC-DC convert to 12v.

Now off to read about how best to wire PV panels for the use case.
 
Depends purely on the MPPT you select.
I have been looking at the Victron Multi RS line, and definitely looking harder at a 48v system. However, Will's new video on the EG4 has me looking harder at those.

It’s good to see someone doing their homework before jumping in with both feet.
Oh thanks! There's so much good information, people that have done it before, books, and online resources that I find it difficult anyone would have issues with the very basics. I just like to double check my math before hand, and advise from those that have come before is quite different to asking a simple question like "what is a watt hour" that anyone could easily search more. As someone that has more patience than most, I understand the frustration teaching each new person a new skill or knowledge base, answering the same question every day. So I try to do my own learning beforehand.
 
Solar charge controllers whether built in or separate have very specific voltage windows that will dictate panel configuration and potential panel specs. A frequent thing on here is “ I have this controller and I found these panels on sale now I can’t figure out how to make them work”.
 
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Solar charge controllers whether built in of separate have very specific voltage windows that will dictate panel configuration and potential panel specs. A frequent thing on here is “ I have this controller and I found these panels on sale now I can’t figure out how to make them work”.

Yeah totally, solar panels and MPPT controllers go together like a horse and carriage... Some panel specs are not a good match for certain MPPT controllers, meaning, no configuration of series or parallel could allow to pull max rated watts of that certain controller, because they might've been designed for different waves of parts available at those times they were released. Before I bought one I'd always know for sure what the other one I'm buying would be first.
 
Yeah totally, solar panels and MPPT controllers go together like a horse and carriage... Some panel specs are not a good match for certain MPPT controllers, meaning, no configuration of series or parallel could allow to pull max rated watts of that certain controller, because they might've been designed for different waves of parts available at those times they were released. Before I bought one I'd always know for sure what the other one I'm buying would be first.

Some of the AiO with the 250Voc MPPT make it completely impossible to max out the array with ANY panels. Very frustrating when the AiO says it can handle 4000W, but with PERFECT panels, you'll be hard pressed to get 3200W.
 
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