You should be able to detect a pattern in the glass shards that suggests the location and direction of impact, as well as the size of the object if an object caused it. A picture would help us understand the situation better.
Beyond that, read the data sheet of the panel. Some are rated for hail and heavy hits, but some are not. A lot depends on the manufacture and design of the solar panel, including the frame. Make sure your panels are rated for the loads and impacts they might experience in your area.
Note that you can probably still use the panel, just cover it and seal it with transparent plastic. Capacity will be reduced, but it'll give you something until you replace it. If the damage is bad enough that it isn't providing power, that's useful information to know in determining what could have hit it.