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Off-Grid Charge Rate and Will's "Electricity Explained" video.

DenverGuy

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Apr 18, 2021
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Two situations here.

I recently decided to power a detached garage with an off-grid Windy Nation system. A 100W PV, 30A controller, 1500W PSW inverter, and two 100AH lead acid batteries. (Great service and support from the vendor). The system powers the opener and a few lights. For fun, I also have began to use it to power a shop vac, leaf blower to blow out the garage, a deck fan, and sometimes I will run an extension cord to the house to run the computer. (Here in Denver there is a lot of sun and I hate to see power wasted when the system is full). I make sure that the batteries never drop below 12.2 volts.

I have notice that the batteries are drawn down quickly when using a 120 watt appliance. Based on 1200 watt hours, I should be getting 10 hours. Even with the charging amps at 4 or 5 during the day, I am lucky to get 30 minutes before I have to pull the plug on the appliance. I think that's odd. Any thoughts?

Also, in Will's excellent video (16:50 below) he talks about charge time. Okay, so you take 1/2 of the lead acid battery's watt hour rating and multiply that by 70% of the PV's output, that will give you the charging time. But wouldn't that be in the absolute best charging conditions? How would you calculate an accurate expected charging time - do you multiply the voltage times the amperage that it being generated at that exact time? Obviously it changes. I don't understand when Will says that the charging time is x-number of hours. I would think you would also need the amperage.

Thanks - I am new at this (obviously).
 
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I have notice that the batteries are drawn down quickly when using a 120 watt appliance.
Are you sure you don't mean a 120V appliance? This might explain your numbers.
How would you calculate an accurate expected charging time - do you multiply the voltage times the amperage that it being generated at that exact time?
If you look at how many watt hours you want to replace, the math gets a lot easier.

If your 2x 100Ah batteries (discharged to 50%) need a full charge, that is 100Ah.
100Ah x 12.8V = 1200Wh

You did not say how many watts of solar you have so i will guess 400W for this example.

1200Wh / 400W = 3 hours
 
I said that I have a 100W PV. I did mean watts. But I made the mistake of using the watts-used figure display on the inverter. Obviously it's not accurate. I looked at the device itself and it says it's 300 watts - big difference. But still, it should run for a while, especially while it's sunny. Thanks for the info. I will review it.
 
Part of your problem I think is that you don't have enough solar to fully charge your battery.

100W is very small for a two battery system. Assuming you want to charge them at 1/8C (that's 0.125C) then what you really need is 100Ah X 2 batteries X 0.125C X 13 Vcharging X 1.175fudgefactor = 382W, almost four times what you have now.
 
The 20 hour rating for your battery bank should be 2*100Ah/20h = 10A. Anything over 10A reduces your capacity because of Peukeurt Law. I am assuming your 300watt appliance is drawing around 25A / 0.8 * 0.9 = 35A from your battery bank using an inverter. 80% efficiency due to battery discharge and another 90% efficiency using an inverter. At 35amps, your 200amp battery bank would drop to 50% in 2 hours.

If it last only around 30 minutes then It is not holding enough charge. It maybe seriously sulfated OR needs replacement(maybe out of cycle life).
 
Part of your problem I think is that you don't have enough solar to fully charge your battery.

100W is very small for a two battery system. Assuming you want to charge them at 1/8C (that's 0.125C) then what you really need is 100Ah X 2 batteries X 0.125C X 13 Vcharging X 1.175fudgefactor = 382W, almost four times what you have now.
I agree. The battery bank needs to be fully recharged the next day. 100 watts is not enough to fully recharge your battery bank. The battery may be sulfated and lost capacity. You need at least 300-400 watts if you get 5 hours sunlight to fully recharge your battery bank from 50% to 100 %. Just say 125Ah for every 100Ah used.
 
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What are the voltages of the battery before you start applying a load? Do you ever see the SCC finish equalize and go to float?
 

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