I like the idea of flashing, should be long lasting.
2-piece standoff is the only way to install them retrofit.
The Flashkit Pro is what I used. Pictures comparing both below.
My understanding is. The Flashkit Pro achieves sealing basically around the lag bolt. You put glue into the hole, and the bolt + foot each have EPDM (two washers that line up with each other) around the bolt.
While the Standoff is very similar to a plumbing vent, service entry mast, or conduit entry. Looks like you can pick whatever kind of flashing you want.
Other designs I see, including from Unirac, are just a lag screw through the shingles. Both companies probably have comparable product lines.
Something about a way to pump it full of sealant, or comes with sealant inside. Call me old fashioned ... if that was good enough we would just cut a hole for vent pipes and caulk around it.
Here are two flashing free options from Unirac. First one comes with Butyl sticky stuff on the bottom, second one uses injection port. You have to be a lot more precise than with flashing.
These things are supposed to be faster though b/c there is zero cutting of shingles. However you have to be pretty precise at finding the rafters.
UniRac and couple other companies also sell through-roof junction boxes with the same no-cut + injection idea, with minimal flashing. That might be a little safer to use since junction boxes are perfectly fine to be screwed into roof deck.
San Jose does not require structural design if no more than 40 lbs per attachment point. Other cities have similar numbers. Similar in Oakland, but they do want a drawing of roof trusses.
My city was something like: parallel to roof, 2x4, 24" OC, no stamp needed.
I think that is allowing lag screws into sheathing. I intend to hit rafters.
I really, really doubt any place supports lag screws into sheathing. Neither plywood nor OSB are rated to hold much of anything with just screws going into them (OSB probably zero).
My Unirac plans (submitted to the city) specified that they were to be embedded in rafters.
My own place, going to take my time and do the best I can.
I missed a few rafters on the first set I installed and spent a lot of time fixing after gluing. For the second set I installed, I checked for bursting etc from underneath before gluing anything down. Not sure I saved any time, but at least I saved the work of hacking away at it later.