Yes, you can hook panels to a resistor. Electric heaters, including water heater elements, are basically just resistors. Some have switches and such designed to work with AC and some DC heaters have control circuits that require a certain input voltage. So you have to pay attention.
The amount of power you get will depend on sunshine and temperature, of course, but also on the amount of resistance. These guys measured panel output at short circuit, open circuit and 1 Ohm, 2 Ohms, ....... 10 Ohms. MPPT controllers vary the "resistance" presented to the panels to optimize output, but you'll need to manually choose a resistor that gets close under typical conditions.
Alternative Energy Tutorial about how to measure the output power of a solar panel using multimeters to measure the voltage and amperes generated by the photovoltaic Solar Panel
www.alternative-energy-tutorials.com
How many volts are your 12V solar panels? Does the car heater have any electronic bits that would fry if they receive more than 15V? Or if its a dumb heater and fan, likely good