My DIY 16s 280ah pack is currently setup with an ANT BMS that has active balancing built in and enabled.
The balancing current is limmited to a maximum of 180 mA (0.18A).
When I first connected all the cells together in series and started charging (no load connected), all was good until it reached 3.5 volt average across the batteries and then the cells started to deviate in voltage greatly. The voltage difference was almost 0.95 volts between lowest and highest cells.
Active balancing in the bms kicked in and while monitoring the BMS on my phone, I could see the voltages slowly lower on the high cells and slowly raise on the low cells. I had to manually set my external power supply to Constant Current mode set to 0.5 amps for the ballancing to proceed smoothly untill the pack was full.
I found that charging currents higher then 0.5A initially caused individual cell over voltage protection to triger.
It took just over 3 days of messing about to get the batteries to be within 20 mV (0.02 volts) of each other.
Now I can charge the pack at 70 amps until it's full and the bms works flawlessly and the cell V differnce is 20 mv or less at end of charge.
Btw, my bms is setup to stop ballancing once the batteries are within 20 mV of or less each other. This setting can be changed in the bms.
The thing to take from this is that with a new pack, until you top balance it yourself using your bms or and external active bms, the higher the charging current the quicker you will triger single cell over voltage alarms since the active balancer in the bms can at most do 180mV of current to balance the cells. Unless there is a massive difference in the chemistry or internal resistance of each or your cells, once top balanced, they should not deviate by much over time, but it is still advisable to check onve in a while to make sure, safety first.
Best advice I can give is, on a new pack, first use and external active balancer that can do 2 amps or more to get the batteries as close as you can to each other, that way the active balancer in your bms will be able to take over to keep them balanced after that without issue (at least mine does so far). Check once a week or month, whatever makes you feel safe, to make sure they are still balanced, adjust and rebalance as necessary.
Using an external 2 amp or higher active balancer will get the cells balaned quicker so you can charge the pack at a higher rate and the balancer should be able to keep up.
Before (getting closer but still 150 mV difference at high charging current):
After (no manual balancing was done since run_time was at day 4):
![Screenshot_20240703_003812_ANT BMS.jpg Screenshot_20240703_003812_ANT BMS.jpg](https://diysolarforum.com/data/attachments/226/226231-4e636cb5d09047928577add7d3775b02.jpg)