I planted them where the dirt line was on them, they had dirt on the stems.How deep did you make the hole underneath? I worked as a gardener for 7 years and i used to plant olive trees. I used a mini excavator because they insisted we dig holes at least 120 cm deep (around 4 feet). It helped greatly the development of that tree in the first two years, making it reach a bigger size much earlier.
I dug my hole about 2ft by 2ft and put in some nicer dirt, but the tiny root mass I got probably only went like 8 inches... hence the huge amount of hay on top to keep moisture higher
generally mycorrhiza fungus seems to make the biggest difference early on