Some background:
I'm going solar, as my 38 year old asphalt shingle roof needs replacing. My current 80 gal gas WH (in the basement of my 2 story Colonial) is about 14 yrs old, so it is on borrowed time. Since I already have a high efficiency (gas) furnace (next to the WH in the basement), the WH is the only thing using the (~6" round metal) chimney. I want to get rid of the chimney poking through the roof (so I don't have to interrupt PV panel layout), so I was thinking to install a high efficiency gas on demand WH. I could hook up the (low temp) exhaust to the PVC already in place for the furnace. I can cut off the now redundant chimney in the attic, remove the rest of it poking through the roof, and replacing the sheathing. I could then use the now unused chimney to route electrical cables from the PV panels on the roof, through the 2 floors of living space, down to the basement (where the main breaker panel resides, and where I want to locate the inverter and LFP ESS). So no ugly conduit on the exterior siding of the house or through any walls. Just whatever code (or common sense) requires for (possibly high DC voltage) cables on the interior of the house. I'm thinking some Schedule 40 PVC should do the trick, but I'll ask the perspective solar installers when they come to assess my situation.
Now, to the point:
I then considered a regular HPWH, or a hybrid gas/HPWH (which uses a gas burner instead of an electrical heating element to help the heat pump if it is struggling to keep up). My question is this: Did you consider an on-demand WH (gas or electric), and/or do you have any comments on the subject?
Also, I realize the "air conditioning" side benefits of the heat pump in the *summer*, but in the *winter* I'm transferring heat from the basement air - which has been heated (solely via conduction/convection) by the gas furnace - to the water in the storage tank; cooling and dehumidifying the basement air (which then cools the floor of the 1st floor via conduction). Seems pretty inefficient - holistically speaking. At least here in NJ, where it does get a bit nippy from time to time. And that got me thinking about better use of available thermal energy. Like having a heat pump that had the capability to select from at least 2 (and maybe 3) different input air sources. In the summer, I could select the ambient basement air, or even better: have PVC or other ducting run from the attic, garage, or even garage attic, which would have beaucoup thermal energy available for transfer. This would reduce the time that the heat pump would have to run. In the winter, maybe the attic would still have enough excess energy to heat the water more efficiently (at least on sunny days). Or maybe you could use the exhaust of the furnace - which should still contain more thermal energy than the ambient basement air. Of course this source/exhaust would have to be isolated completely from other paths due to the noxious gasses contained in the furnace exhaust. Then *those* ideas led me to another idea: since heat is an enemy of efficient PV generation, why hasn't anyone designed a device/structure that would serve as both an air/water heat exchanger AND a structure to which PV solar panels could be mounted? Obviously made of aluminum, it doesn't have to have fins like a radiator, but rather a series of very thin/shallow but wide compartments through which water would pass, transferring heat from the air behind the PV panels to the water, back down to the storage tank. The frame of the exchanger could mount directly to/through either an existing roof (just like a rack system currently does), or - if for new construction or roof replacement - the decking (like GAF's Decotech or Timberline Solar "integrated" systems). No exposed underside for critters to use as a nest or chew toy. You could plumb them in any combination of series & parallel and monitor the input & output water pressure of each exchanger to detect leaks. Use insulated Pex for connections and transmission to storage tank. You could also employ a larger storage tank and/or store the water at a much higher temperature (by continually circulating water from tank to roof until the highest "safe" temperature is reached). You would then need a mixing valve to mix in a cold water supply to bring the output of the storage tank to the usual safe (~130-150 deg F) level. With this idea you'd have a low profile system that cools the PV panels (making them more efficient) and gives you all the hot water you can use at the same time (for *FREE*). You can even have supplemental gas/electric heat at/near the storage tank for extended stormy times in cold northern climates. I will admit this lends itself more to new construction or roof replacement, but it sure seems to make things a *lot* more efficient...
This seems to be an obvious efficiency gain with a seemingly reasonable increase in expense. Have I missed something here? Did I just give away a big opportunistic idea?
Anyways, for your consideration... My immediate interest is with the on-demand gas WH vs HPWH comparison (& the side issue of running the HPWH in the winter in the basement). The rest is just a lot of "Why hasn't anybody produced something like this?".