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3.6kW off grid EV charging system for our Ford Lightning w/ Agrivoltaics and single axis tracking

Murphyslaww

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Joined
Dec 27, 2021
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109
Location
Austin, TX
Been working on this for a while, and finally got it up and running in November. This has been pretty much to prove if you have an EV(Truck, or a little less so, car) and have as little as $5-6k available that you are ok with waiting on a 4-5 year return on, this is stupid easy.

Here is a link to the walkthrough on youtube which has the pricing of everything:


I'll be breaking how each part of the system was built in separate videos to come. We'll also be adding the raised bed garden salad gardens and likely be introducing some machine learning for panel angle to soil moisture sensing to growthrates for our mini-Agrivoltaic experiment.

It's 3.6kW of used longli 360watt panels from Santan Solar, a refurbished EG4 6000ex 48hv hybrid inverter from SignatureSolar, and currently, 10kW of powerqueen LiFePo4 batteries. The racking is two of the $140-160 Ecoworthy ground mount kits hacked, with some additional unistrut. We're still tweaking it, and will eventually try to make parts of it mobile for an Overlanding trailer buildout. (The batteries, subpanel, inverter, and charger)

The focus has been towards building it as cheaply as possible to attain payoff as soon as possible, which for us, means free fuel for our power-hungry, 2023 Ford Lighting. Right now, we think that could be as soon as 5 years. We've put in as much as 15kw in a day in winter sun, and will likely bump up to 20kW of batteries in the spring, as we expect we'll go over 20kW of available power in the spring through fall. This puts about 40-50 miles a day back into the Lightning. This type of trickle charging is great for the batteries, and we just have to remember to plug it in. We both work from home, so it's rare that we'll put more than 20 miles on it in a day anyway, but I'm going to be going back to the office every other week now for a day, and we have weekend trips to our farm, about 40 miles away.

The system has single axis tracking, controlled with an Arduino Microcontroller, and light sensors, which we hope will produce 20% more output throughout the day, which should be a 2-3 year payoff for the tracking components themselves.

We've partnered with Progressive Automations in using their high-end Linear actuators, which are used as part of the ground mount racking. Their actuators have built-in Hall sensors, allowing synchronization of the 5 actuators, and setting wind and hail settings, positionally through sensors and software. This has not been implemented yet, as they actually just arrived and have just been installed and are tracking with fairly simple code, currently. It's been tested at as high as 50mph gusts, but it's likely the panels are not getting that much wind, this close to the house. The systems pivots are inset in the fences posts, which are in footings. We may add stanchions with more of the cinder footings on the other side, if it appears there is an issue.

Even with the addition of the tracking system, we're still at, about $4,000 after federal rebates for the project. Not bad for something that will eventually provide us with free fuel for the remaining life of the panels and batteries, which I'd guess would be at least 10-15 years.

with the ecoworthy actuators

With the ecoworthy actuators with only 14degrees of tilt either way

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With the Progressive Automations actuators and the 100watt system power panel attached. These provide about 20 degrees of tilt, in moving from 18" to 24" actuators, and allowed direct mounting to the cinder footing brackets. It is all surprisingly sturdy.
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Much beefier

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EG4 and subpanel

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Ford Chargestation Pro running at 12 amps, and our original Chargepoint set running at 32 amps for when we need a quicker fill up charge.

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Control box for the tracking system. Far right is a board MPPT charge controller for the 100 watt panel that charges the battery on top of the combiner box, middle is an Arduino nano rp2040 connect. It will eventually have the controls for the Raised bed smartgarden watering system as well. Soil moisture sensors, and relays to run solenoids and pumping system. This is all controllable from the arduino cloud control app on my phone. Soon, there will be a sensor for wind speed as well, and panel angle:

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And of course, it's all monitored with SolarAssistant for output:

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Have you noticed a significant difference in production with the additional range gained in the actuators?
Looks great
 
The shadows in your second photo suggest you are directly under power lines. Is this correct? How do the shadows affect production?
 
Today will be the first full sun day with the increase range of travel, but from a half day of sun, yesterday, the evening production increase would seem to be significant. We had some strange numbers yesterday, like the first time over 3kwh production, all the way up to 3.5kwh for a short period, on a 3.6kW system, which doesn’t seem possible with losses.

The powerlines cause about a kW to 1.5kW reduction in power over about and hour or so midday. Thorn in my side. Grrrr. We’ll see if thst changes as we move into summer.
 
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It’s 9:50 am, and I was at 2250w and I moved the panels to about horizontal, and it dropped to 1750w, so it’s obviously effective. I’ll overlay data over the last full sun day when the panels were at only 14 degrees,

Not perfect, as we’re getting better sun as it’s two more weeks into better sun as well. Optimal angle here in the winter is as much as 40 degrees, which I don’t think I can get to as designed currently. I might be able to adjust to get 30, though. We’re between 18-23 each way now.
 
You’ve gained an additional 12 degrees of range over the eco worthy actuators correct? Seems like it would be substantial long term, definitely helpful to extend the hours of productions
 
You’ve gained an additional 12 degrees of range over the eco worthy actuators correct? Seems like it would be substantial long term, definitely helpful to extend the hours of productions
We’ll also be moving the connections of the top of the actuators closer to the fence along the grid, and then move the cinder footings another inch closer and see what increase we get. I think it will affect the overall stability of the ground mount, so I don’t want to move it too close, unless we add reinforcement on the other side of the fence. I can do that for less than $100, so that will probably happen.
 
Solid new record of 16.3 kw yesterday up from 15.2kW with the increased range, even though we lost 20 mins of around 2kWH production midday when the batts filled up. Another full sun day today, so we'll be looking for 17kW today. That will be 34 miles put back into the Lightning, which will also be a record. More than we expected in winter sun.

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Will probably not quite hit 200 Kw put into the truck this month, but we didn't have it the first 10 days of the month, so next month, 300kW is probably possible, then hopefully, our goal average of 400kW in March.

We use the house 5.4kW grid tie system as a control, and it appears that the truck charger produces around 60-70% of the house, so the 400Kw average should be achievable.
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Blew out a new record today. Cold day, perfect sun. Previous highest output was 16.3kW, and hit 19.5kW today. Added 55 miles to the Lightning today also a new record.
 
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